CVE-2022-2196
kernel: KVM: nVMX: missing IBPB when exiting from nested guest can lead to Spectre v2 attacks
Severity
ModerateRed Hat Product Security
CVSS 3.1
Review impact separately from score.
Published · September 28, 2022
Updated · August 8, 2026
Description
A flaw was found in the KVM's Intel nested virtualization feature (nVMX). Since L1 and L2 shared branch prediction modes (guest-user and guest-kernel), KVM did not protect indirect branches in L1 from steering by a malicious agent in L2. This could allow a malicious nested guest to carry out Spectre v2 attacks against L1 due to a missing IBPB at VM-exit time.
Statement
Red Hat currently provides the nested virtualization feature as a Technology Preview. Nested virtualization is therefore unsupported for production use. For more information please refer to https://access.redhat.com/solutions/21101 and https://access.redhat.com/support/offerings/techpreview.
CVSS score applicability
The CVSS score(s) listed for this vulnerability do not reflect the associated product's status, and are included for informational purposes to better understand the severity of this vulnerability.
Mitigation
This vulnerability can be mitigated by disabling the nested virtualization feature:
# modprobe -r kvm_intel
# modprobe kvm_intel nested=0
CVSS / CWE
CVSS 3.1 · 5.6CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N
CWE-1188 · Initialization of a Resource with an Insecure Default