CVE-2025-59472

A denial of service vulnerability exists in Next.js versions with Partial Prerendering (PPR) enabled when running in minimal mode. The PPR resume endpoint accepts unauthenticated POST requests with the Next-Resume: 1 header and processes attacker-controlled postponed state data. Two closely related vulnerabilities allow an attacker to crash the server process through memory exhaustion:

Unbounded request body buffering: The server buffers the entire POST request body into memory using Buffer.concat() without enforcing any size limit, allowing arbitrarily large payloads to exhaust available memory.

Unbounded decompression (zipbomb): The resume data cache is decompressed using inflateSync() without limiting the decompressed output size. A small compressed payload can expand to hundreds of megabytes or gigabytes, causing memory exhaustion.

Both attack vectors result in a fatal V8 out-of-memory error (FATAL ERROR: Reached heap limit Allocation failed - JavaScript heap out of memory) causing the Node.js process to terminate. The zipbomb variant is particularly dangerous as it can bypass reverse proxy request size limits while still causing large memory allocation on the server.

To be affected you must have an application running with experimental.ppr: true or cacheComponents: true configured along with the NEXT_PRIVATE_MINIMAL_MODE=1 environment variable.

The CVSS score(s) listed for this vulnerability do not reflect the associated product's status, and are included for informational purposes to better understand the severity of this vulnerability.

Mitigation for this issue is either not available or the currently available options do not meet the Red Hat Product Security criteria comprising ease of use and deployment, applicability to widespread installation base or stability.