CVE-2025-61663
grub2: Missing unregister call for normal commands may lead to use-after-free
Severity
ModerateRed Hat Product Security
CVSS 3.1
Review impact separately from score.
Published · November 18, 2025
Updated · September 1, 2026
Description
A vulnerability has been identified in the GRUB2 bootloader's normal command that poses an immediate Denial of Service (DoS) risk. This flaw is a Use-after-Free issue, caused because the normal command is not properly unregistered when the module is unloaded. An attacker who can execute this command can force the system to access memory locations that are no longer valid. Successful exploitation leads directly to system instability, which can result in a complete crash and halt system availability. Impact on the data integrity and confidentiality is also not discarded.
Statement
This vulnerability has been rated as have the impact of Moderate by the Red Hat Product Security team. This decision was made based in the fact an attacker needs local or physical access to the machine, to execute the normal command after it was unloaded. Additionally the most likely outcome from an successful attack is a Denial of Crash by leading the grub2 to crash.
CVSS score applicability
The CVSS score(s) listed for this vulnerability do not reflect the associated product's status, and are included for informational purposes to better understand the severity of this vulnerability.
Mitigation
There's no available mitigation for this vulnerability.
CVSS / CWE
CVSS 3.1 · 4.9CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
CWE-825 · Expired Pointer Dereference