CVE-2025-61664
grub2: Missing unregister call for normal_exit command may lead to use-after-free
Severity
ModerateRed Hat Product Security
CVSS 3.1
Review impact separately from score.
Published · November 18, 2025
Updated · September 1, 2026
Description
A vulnerability in the GRUB2 bootloader has been identified in the normal module. This flaw, a memory Use After Free issue, occurs because the normal_exit command is not properly unregistered when its related module is unloaded. An attacker can exploit this condition by invoking the command after the module has been removed, causing the system to improperly access a previously freed memory location. This leads to a system crash or possible impacts in data confidentiality and integrity.
Statement
This vulnerability has been rated as have the impact of Moderate by the Red Hat Product Security team. This decision was made based in the fact an attacker needs local or physical access to the machine, to execute the normal_exit command after it was unloaded. Additionally the most likely outcome from an successful attack is a Denial of Crash by leading the grub2 to crash.
CVSS score applicability
The CVSS score(s) listed for this vulnerability do not reflect the associated product's status, and are included for informational purposes to better understand the severity of this vulnerability.
Mitigation
There is no known mitigation available for this vulnerability.
CVSS / CWE
CVSS 3.1 · 4.9CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
CWE-825 · Expired Pointer Dereference