CVE-2026-112894

A flaw was found in Pillow. When converting multi-frame images into a multi-page PDF document, the library repeatedly scans previously assigned object identifiers, resulting in quadratic processing time. A remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability by supplying a crafted image with a large frame count, causing excessive CPU consumption and a Denial of Service (DoS).

This vulnerability is rated as an Important severity flaw because an unauthenticated remote attacker can cause severe CPU exhaustion and service disruption by submitting minimal crafted inputs without needing system privileges. The elevated risk arises because even tiny files with declared high sequence numbers can tie up backend worker processes for prolonged periods in applications that convert user-provided graphics into multipage documents. Deployments remain unaffected if they only perform standard single-image rendering, validation, or do not expose multi-frame document export capabilities to untrusted users.

The CVSS score(s) listed for this vulnerability do not reflect the associated product's status, and are included for informational purposes to better understand the severity of this vulnerability.

--- CME Mitigation Guidance (2026-10-20) --- Disclaimer: The following mitigation solutions are provided as a courtesy, pending the application of an official patch. This content was generated utilizing AI tools in conjunction with data from https://cmetaxonomy.org. Customers are advised to independently evaluate and test these temporary mitigations within their own infrastructure.

The highest-value action is to validate and enforce upper bounds on image frame counts before passing untrusted files to Pillow multi-page PDF conversion with save_all enabled: upgrade to Pillow 13.0.0 (or the fixed Python Pillow/Python3.11 Pillow/Rhoai/Odh Openvino Model Server Rhel/Rhelai3/Bootc Cuda Rhel/Rhelai3/Bootc Gaudi Rhel/Rhelai3/Bootc Rocm Rhel/Rhelai3/Disk Image Cuda Rhel/Python3X Pillow/Rhaiis/Vllm Spyre Rhel/Rhoai/Odh Kserve Storage Initializer Rhel/Rhoai/Odh Kserve Agent Rhel/Rhoai/Odh Kserve Controller Rhel/Rhoai/Odh Kserve Router Rhel/Rhoai/Odh Feature Server Rhel/Rhoai/Odh Trustyai Nemo Guardrails Server Rhel/Rhaiis/Vllm Tpu Rhel/Rhoai/Odh Training Cuda128 Torch29 Py312 Rhel/Rhoai/Odh Training Rocm64 Torch29 Py312 Rhel/Rhaiis/Vllm Cpu Rhel/Rhaiis/Vllm Neuron Rhel/Ansible Automation Platform 25/Lightspeed Chatbot Rhel/Openshift Lightspeed/Lightspeed Ocp Rag Rhel/Rhoai/Odh Th06 Cpu Torch291 Py312 Rhel/Rhoai/Odh Th06 Cuda130 Torch291 Py312 Rhel/Rhoai/Odh Vllm Gaudi Rhel/Python3.12 Pillow/Rhaii/Vllm Gaudi Rhel/Rhaii/Vllm Neuron Rhel/Rhaii/Vllm Tpu Rhel/Lightspeed Core/Lightspeed Stack Rhel/Rhoai/Odh Kserve Autogluon Server Rhel/Rhai Early Access/Docling Sdk Cuda Rhel/Rhai Early Access/Docling Serve Cuda Rhel/Rhoai/Odh Llm D Kv Cache Rhel/Rhoai/Odh Th06 Cpu Torch210 Py312 Rhel/Rhoai/Odh Th06 Cuda130 Torch210 Py312 Rhel/Rhoai/Odh Th06 Rocm64 Torch291 Py312 Rhel/Rhoai/Odh Workbench Jupyter Pytorch Llmcompressor Cuda Py312 Rhel/Ask Sre/Rhel Cla/Rlsapi Rhel/Rhaiis/Model Opt Cuda Rhel/Rhaiis/Vllm Cuda Rhel/Rhaiis/Vllm Rocm Rhel/Rhaii/Model Opt Cuda Rhel/Rhaii/Vllm Cpu Rhel/Rhaii/Vllm Cuda Rhel/Rhaii/Vllm Rocm Rhel/Rhaii/Vllm Spyre Rhel/Ansible Automation Platform/Automation Dashboard Rhel/Ansible Automation Platform 26/Hub Rhel/Ansible Automation Platform 26/Lightspeed Chatbot Rhel/Ansible Automation Platform 27/Hub Rhel/Ansible Automation Platform 27/Lightspeed Chatbot Rhel/Galaxy Ng/Automation Hub Container/Aap Rag Content/Ansible Chatbot Stack/Koku Report Emailer/Exploit Intelligence/Vulnerability Analysis Rhel/Insights Host Inventory/Google Lightspeed Agent/Lscore Deploy/Lightspeed Core/Rag Tool Cpu Rhel/Lightspeed Core/Rag Tool Cuda 12.9 Rhel/Lightspeed Services Ocp/Ocp Rules Rhel/Openshift Lightspeed Tech Preview/Lightspeed Rag Tool Rhel/Openshift Lightspeed/Lightspeed Service Api Rhel/Rhoai/Odh Caikit Tgis Serving Rhel/Rhoai/Odh Llama Stack Core Rhel/Rhoai/Odh Pipeline Runtime Pytorch Llmcompressor Cuda Py312 Rhel/Rhoai/Odh Automl Rhel/Rhoai/Odh Autorag Rhel/Rhoai/Odh Mlflow Rhel/Rhoai/Odh Pipeline Runtime Datascience Cpu Py312 Rhel/Rhoai/Odh Pipeline Runtime Pytorch Cuda Py312 Rhel/Rhoai/Odh Pipeline Runtime Pytorch Rocm Py312 Rhel/Rhoai/Odh Pipeline Runtime Tensorflow Cuda Py312 Rhel/Rhoai/Odh Pipeline Runtime Tensorflow Rocm Py312 Rhel/Rhoai/Odh Trustyai Garak Lls Provider Dsp Rhel/Rhoai/Odh Workbench Codeserver Datascience Cpu Py312 Rhel/Rhoai/Odh Workbench Jupyter Datascience Cpu Py312 Rhel/Rhoai/Odh Workbench Jupyter Pytorch Cuda Py312 Rhel/Rhoai/Odh Workbench Jupyter Pytorch Rocm Py312 Rhel/Rhoai/Odh Workbench Jupyter Tensorflow Cuda Py312 Rhel/Rhoai/Odh Workbench Jupyter Tensorflow Rocm Py312 Rhel/Rhoai/Odh Workbench Jupyter Trustyai Cpu Py312 Rhel/Rhai/Guidellm Rhel/Rhoai/Odh Ogx Core Rhel/Rhoai/Odh Th Torch Cpu Py312 Rhel/Rhoai/Odh Th Torch Cuda Py312 Rhel/Rhoai/Odh Th Torch Rocm Py312 Rhel/Quay/Quay Service Tool/Quay/Quay Rhel/Rhelai3/Bootc Aws Cuda Rhel/Rhelai3/Bootc Azure Cuda Rhel/Rhelai3/Bootc Azure Rocm Rhel/Rhelai3/Bootc Gcp Cuda Rhel builds), which maintain a running maximum object ID attribute on XrefTable updated upon key insertion to resolve identifiers in constant time instead of scanning all keys with max(), closing all 2 injection vectors (crafted multi-frame image with a large number of frames, crafted small APNG image with an inflated declared frame count). Until patched, this is a concern on applications converting untrusted user-supplied multi-frame images to PDF documents using save_all=True across all platforms, so Restrict untrusted image uploads, enforce strict frame count validation before processing, or disable multi-page PDF conversion using save_all=True. As a compensating measure, Impose per-process CPU time limits using ulimit or prlimit (RLIMIT_CPU) to terminate runaway PDF conversion processes and bound CPU starvation, Configure service watchdog timers such as systemd WatchdogSec and Restart to restart processes that hang during quadratic object scanning, and Constrain cgroups v2 CPU quotas to restrict the blast radius of excessive CPU utilization during multi-frame PDF generation. These controls limit blast radius and contain exploitation, but they do not fix the underlying quadratic object identifier scanning defect — apply the upstream patch to fully remediate.

Highest-impact CME: CME-1311 Input Size and Quantity Bounds Enforcement (high)